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You're Getting a Large Old Fashioned Soapsuds Enema Young Lady

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Injection of fluid into rectum en route to large intestine

Enema
Rectal bulb syringe.jpg

Rectal bulb syringe to administer smaller enemas
Pronunciation
Other names Clyster

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An enema, also known as a clyster, is an injection of fluid into the lower bowel by mode of the rectum.[ane] Besides, the word enema tin can refer to the liquid and then injected,[2] [3] as well as to a device for administering such an injection.[four]

In standard medicine, the almost frequent uses of enemas are to relieve constipation and for bowel cleansing before a medical exam or procedure;[5] also, they are employed as a lower gastrointestinal series (as well called a barium enema),[6] to treat traveler's diarrhea,[seven] as a vehicle for the administration of food, water or medicine, as a stimulant to the general system, as a local awarding and, more rarely, as a ways of reducing temperature,[i] as handling for encopresis, and as a form of rehydration therapy (proctoclysis) in patients for whom intravenous therapy is not applicative.[viii]

In other contexts, enemas are used past some alternative health therapies, used for enjoyment, chiefly equally part of sexual activities, merely besides in sadomasochism, as well as merely for pleasure, used to intoxicate with alcohol, used to administer drugs for both recreational and religious reasons, and used for punishment.

Medical usage [edit]

The master medical usages of enemas are:

Bowel cleansing [edit]

Astute treatments [edit]

As bowel stimulants, enemas are employed for the aforementioned purposes as orally administered laxatives: To salve constipation; To treat fecal impaction; To empty the colon prior to a medical procedure such every bit a colonoscopy. When oral laxatives are not indicated or are non sufficiently effective, enemas may be a sensible and necessary measure.[9]

A large volume of enema[10] tin can be given to cleanse as much of the colon equally possible of feces.[11] [12] However, a low enema is generally useful merely for stool in the rectum, not in the abdominal tract.[thirteen]

Such enemas' mechanism consists of the volume of the liquid causing rapid expansion of the intestinal tract in conjunction with, in the case of certain solutions, irritation of the intestinal mucosa which stimulates peristalsis and lubricates the stool to encourage a bowel movement.[xiv] An enema'due south efficacy depends on several factors including the volume injected and the temperature and the contents of the infusion.[9] In order for the enema to be effective the patient should retain the solution for five to x minutes, equally tolerated.[5] [14] or, as some nursing textbooks recommend, for 5 to 15 minutes or as long as possible.[fifteen]

Large volume enemas [edit]

Soapsuds enemas, in a tin can with a nozzle typical for a cleansing enema, and in a contrast enema handbag with a barium nozzle.

For elimination the entire colon as much as feasible[12] deeper and higher enemas are utilized to attain big sections of the colon.[9]

The colon dilates and expands when a large volume of liquid is injected into it, and the colon reacts to that sudden expansion with general contractions, peristalsis, propelling its contents toward the rectum.[v]

For relieving occasional constipation, a large volume enema may be used in a home setting, although for recurring or severe cases of constipation medical care may be required.[5]

Water-based solutions [edit]

Patently water can be used, simply functioning mechanically to expand the colon, thus prompting evacuation.

Normal saline is to the lowest degree irritating to the colon. Like plainly water, it only functions mechanically to expand the colon, but having a neutral concentration gradient, it neither draws electrolytes from the body, as happens with plain water, nor draws water into the colon, as occurs with phosphates. Thus, a salt water solution can be used when a longer catamenia of retention is desired, such as to soften an impaction.

Castile soap is commonly added because its irritation of the colon's lining increases the urgency to defecate.[xv] However, liquid handsoaps and detergents should non be used.[5]

Glycerol is a specific bowel mucosa irritant serving to induce peristalsis via a hyperosmotic effect.[xvi] It is used in a dilute solution, e.k., 5%.[17]

Other solutions [edit]

Equal parts of milk and molasses heated together to slightly above normal trunk temperature take been used.[xviii] Neither the milk sugars and proteins nor the molasses are absorbed in the lower intestine, thus keeping the water from the enema in the intestine.[nineteen] Studies accept shown that milk and molasses enemas have a depression complication rate when used in the emergency department[20] and are safe and effective with minimal side effects.[21]

Mineral oil functions as a lubricant and stool softener, but may have side furnishings including rectal skin irritation and leakage of oil.[22]

Micro-enemas [edit]

A prepared, disposable enema.

Unmarried substance solutions [edit]

In alphabetical order

Arachis oil (peanut oil) enema is useful for softening stools which are impacted higher than the rectum.[23]

Bisacodyl stimulates enteric nerves to cause colonic contractions.[24] [25]

Dantron is a stimulant drug and stool softener[26] used alone or in combinations in enemas.[27] Considered to be a carcinogen[28] its apply is express, east.g., restricted in the Uk to patients who already have a diagnosis of terminal cancer and non used at all in the United states of america.

Docusate[29] [30]

Glycerol has a hyperosmotic effect and can be used every bit a small-volume (2–ten ml) enema (or suppository).[sixteen]

Mineral oil is used as a lubricant because well-nigh of the ingested material is excreted in the stool rather than being absorbed by the torso.[31]

Sodium phosphate.[32] [33] Also known by the brand name Armada. Available at drugstores; usually self-administered. Buffered sodium phosphate solution draws additional h2o from the bloodstream into the colon to increment the effectiveness of the enema. Merely it can exist rather irritating to the colon, causing intense cramping or "griping."[34] Fleet enemas usually causes a bowel move in 1 to 5 minutes. Known adverse effects.

Sorbitol pulls h2o into the large intestines causing distention, thereby stimulating the normal forrad motion of the bowels. Sorbitol is plant in some dried fruits and may contribute to the laxative furnishings of prunes.[35] and is available for taking orally as a laxative.[36] [37] As an enema for constipation, the recommended adult dose is 120 mL of 25-30% solution, administered in one case.[38] Note that Sorbitol is an ingredient of the MICROLAX Enema.

Compounded from multiple ingredients [edit]

In alphabetical club of the original brand names

Klyx contains docusate sodium 1 mg/mL and sorbitol solution (70%) (crystallising) 357 mg/mL and is used for faecal impaction or constipation or for colon evacuation prior medical procedures,[39] developed by Ferring B.V.

Micralax (not to be confused with MICROLAX®)[40]

MICROLAX® (not to exist confused with Micralax) combines the action of sodium citrate, a peptidising agent which can displace leap h2o present in the faeces, with sodium alkyl sulphoacetate, a wetting agent, and with glycerol, an anal mucosa irritant and hyperosmotic. However, also sold under the proper name "Micralax", is a preparation containing sorbitol rather than glycerol;[41] which was initially tested in training for sigmoidoscopy.[42]

Micolette Micro-enema® contains 45 mg sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, 450 mg per 5 ml sodium citrate BP, and 625 mg glycerol BP[43] and is a minor volume stimulant enema suitable where large-volume enemas are contra-indicated.[23]

Chronic treatments [edit]

Transanal irrigation [edit]

TAI, also termed retrograde irrigation, is designed to assistance evacuation using a water enema[44] as a treatment for persons with bowel dysfunction, including fecal incontinence or constipation, especially obstructed defecation. By regularly emptying the bowel using transanal irrigation,[45] controlled bowel role is often re-established to a high degree, thus enabling development of a consistent bowel routine.[45] Its effectiveness varies considerably, some individuals experiencing consummate command of incontinence merely others reporting little or no benefit.[44]

An international consensus on when and how to use transanal irrigation for people with bowel problems was published in 2013, offering practitioners a clear, comprehensive and simple guide to practice for the emerging therapeutic area of transanal irrigation.[45]

The term retrograde irrigation distinguishes this procedure from the Malone antegrade continence enema, where irrigation fluid is introduced into the colon proximal to the anus via a surgically created irrigation port.

Bowel direction [edit]

Patients who have a bowel disability, a medical condition which impairs control of defecation, east.k., fecal incontinence or constipation,[46] tin use bowel direction techniques to choose a predictable fourth dimension and place to evacuate.[46] Without bowel management, such persons might either suffer from the feeling of not getting relief, or they might soil themselves.[46]

While simple techniques might include a controlled diet and establishing a toilet routine,[46] a daily enema can be taken to empty the colon, thus preventing unwanted and uncontrolled bowel movements that twenty-four hour period.[47]

Contrast (Ten-ray) [edit]

A barium enema in a disposable bag manufactured for that purpose

In a lower gastrointestinal series an enema that may contain barium sulfate pulverisation or a h2o-soluble contrast agent is used in the radiological imaging of the bowel. Chosen a barium enema, such enemas are sometimes the only applied mode to view the colon in a relatively condom manner.[six]

Failure to expel all of the barium may cause constipation or possible impaction[48] and a patient who has no bowel move for more than than two days or is unable to pass gas rectally should promptly inform a doctor and may crave an enema or laxative.[49]

Medication administration [edit]

The administration of substances into the bloodstream. This may exist done in situations where it is undesirable or impossible to deliver a medication by mouth, such as antiemetics given to reduce nausea (though not many antiemetics are delivered by enema). Additionally, several anti-angiogenic agents, which work better without digestion, tin exist safely administered via a gentle enema.

The topical assistants of medications into the rectum, such equally corticosteroids and mesalazine used in the handling of inflammatory bowel disease. Administration by enema avoids having the medication pass through the unabridged gastrointestinal tract, therefore simplifying the delivery of the medication to the affected area and limiting the amount that is absorbed into the bloodstream.

Rectal corticosteroid enemas are sometimes used to treat balmy or moderate ulcerative colitis. They as well may be used forth with systemic (oral or injection) corticosteroids or other medicines to treat severe disease or mild to moderate disease that has spread also far to be treated effectively past medicine inserted into the rectum alone.

Inhibiting pathological defecation [edit]

  • Traveller's diarrhea's symptoms treated with an enema of sodium butyrate, organic acids, and A-300 silicon dioxide can be successfully decreased with lack of observed side effects.[7]
  • Shigellosis treatment benefits from adjunct therapy with butyrate enemas, promoting healing of the rectal mucosa and inflammation, merely not helping in clinical recovery from shigellosis. Utilise of an 80 ml of a sodium butyrate isotonic enema administered every 12 hours has been studied and found effective.[50]

Other [edit]

  • There accept been a few cases in remote or rural settings, where rectal fluids have been used to rehydrate a person. Benefits include not needing to apply sterile fluids.[51]
  • Introducing healthy bacterial flora through infusion of stool, known every bit a fecal microbiota transplant, was first performed in 1958 employing memory enemas. Enemas remained the most common method until 1989, when alternative means of administration were developed.[52] As of 2013, colonoscope implantation has been preferred over fecal enemas because by using the former method, the entire colon and ileum tin exist inoculated, but enemas reach only to the splenic flexure.[53]
  • A patient unable to be fed otherwise can exist nourished by an enteral administration of predigested foods, which is known as a food enema.[54] This treatment is ancient, dating back at least to the 2nd century CE when documented by Galen,[55] and commonly used in the Eye Ages,[56] remaining a mutual technique in 19th century,[57] and as recently equally 1941 the U. S. armed services'due south manual for hospital diets prescribes their use.[58] Nutrient enemas take been superseded in modern medical intendance by tube feeding and intravenous feeding.[ citation needed ]
  • Enemas have been used around the fourth dimension of childbirth; still, there is no evidence for this practice and it is at present discouraged.[59]

Adverse effects [edit]

Improper assistants of an enema can crusade electrolyte imbalance (with repeated enemas) or ruptures to the bowel or rectal tissues resulting in internal haemorrhage. Yet, these occurrences are rare in healthy, sober adults. Internal bleeding or rupture may get out the individual exposed to infections from intestinal bacteria. Blood resulting from tears in the colon may non ever exist visible, but can be distinguished if the feces are unusually nighttime or have a red hue. If intestinal rupture is suspected, medical assist should be obtained immediately.[14] Frequent utilise of enemas can cause laxative dependency.[lx]

The enema tube and solution may stimulate the vagus nerve, which may trigger an arrhythmia such equally bradycardia.

Enemas should not be used if there is an undiagnosed abdominal hurting since the peristalsis of the bowel can cause an inflamed appendix to rupture.

In that location are arguments both for and confronting colonic irrigation in people with diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, astringent or internal hemorrhoids or tumors in the rectum or colon, and its usage is non recommended soon afterward bowel surgery (unless directed by one'southward health care provider). Regular treatments should be avoided by people with heart disease or kidney failure. Colonics are inappropriate for people with bowel, rectal or anal pathologies where the pathology contributes to the run a risk of bowel perforation.[61]

Recent research has shown that ozone water, which is sometimes used in enemas, can immediately cause microscopic colitis.[62]

A recent example serial[63] of 11 patients with five deaths illustrated the danger of phosphate enemas in high-risk patients.

History [edit]

Etymology [edit]

Enema entered the English language c. 1675 from Latin in which, in the 15th century,[iii] it was offset used in the sense of a rectal injection,[2] from Greek ἔνεμα (énema), "injection", itself from ἐνίηναι (enienai) "to send in, inject", from ἐν (en), "in" + ἱέναι (hienai), "to send, throw".[64]

Clyster entered the English language language in the late 14th century from One-time French or Latin, from Greek κλυστήρ (klyster), "syringe", itself from κλύζειν (klyzein), "to wash out",[65] as well spelled glister in the 18th century,[66] is a more often than not primitive give-and-take used more especially for enemas administered using a clyster syringe.

Ancient and medieval [edit]

Africa [edit]

The start mention of the enema in medical literature is in the Ancient Egyptian Ebers Papyrus (c.  1550 BCE). I of the many types of medical specialists was an Iri, the Shepherd of the Anus. Many medications were administered past enemas.[67] There was a Keeper of the Royal Rectum who may take primarily been the pharaoh's enema maker. The god Thoth, according to Egyptian mythology, invented the enema.[68]

Force per unit area enema from an animal bladder (African wooden sculpture, 19th century)

In parts of Africa the calabash gourd is used traditionally to administer enemas. On the Ivory Coast the narrow neck of the gourd filled with water is inserted the patient'due south rectum and the contents are then injected by ways of an attendant's forcible oral aggrandizement, or, alternatively, a patient may self-administer the enema past using suction to create a negative pressure in the gourd, placing a finger at the opening, and then upon anal insertion, removing the finger to allow atmospheric pressure to effect the flow. Along the upper Congo River an enema appliance is made past making a hole in one terminate of the gourd for filling information technology, and using a resin to adhere a hollow cane to the gourd'due south neck. The cane is inserted into the anus of the patient who is in a posture that allows gravity to issue infusion of the fluid.[69]

Americas [edit]

The Olmec from their center preclassic period (10th through 7th centuries BCE) through the Spanish Conquest used trance-inducing substances ceremonially, and these were ingested via, amidst other routes, enemas administered using jars.

Equally further described below in religious rituals, the Maya in their late classic age (7th through 10th centuries CE) used enemas for, at least, ritual purposes, Mayan sculpture and ceramics from that period depicting scenes in which, injected by syringes made of gourd and dirt, ritual hallucinogenic enemas were taken.[70] In the Xibalban court of the God D, whose worship included ritual cult paraphernal, the Maya illustrated the use of a feature enema seedling syringe by female attendants administering clysters ritually.[71] [72]

For combating illness and discomfort of the digestive tract, the Mayan also employed enemas, as documented during the colonial period, eastward.1000., in the Florentine Codex.[70]

The indigenous peoples of North America employed tobacco smoke enemas to stimulate respiration, injecting the fume using a rectal tube.[73] [74]

A rubber bag connected with a conical nozzle, at an early period, was in use amid the indigenous peoples of Due south America as an enema syringe,[75] and the rubber enema pocketbook with a connecting tube and ivory tip remained in utilize past them while in Europe a syringe was still the usual ways for conducting an enema.[76]

Asia [edit]

In Babylonia, by 600 BCE, enemas were in utilize, although it appears that initially they were in utilise because of a belief that the demon of illness would, by means of an enema, be driven out of the body.[77] Babylonian and Assyrian tablets c. 600 BCE carry cuneiform inscriptions referring to enemas.[78]

In Communist china, c. 200 CE, Zhang Zhongjing was the start to utilize enemas. "Secure a large pig'south bile and mix with a pocket-sized quantity of vinegar. Insert a bamboo tube three or four inches long into the rectum and inject the mixture" are his directions, according to Wu Lien-teh.[79]

In India, in the 5th century CE, Sushruta enumerates the enema syringe amidst 121 surgical instruments described. Early Indian physicians' enema apparatus consisted of a tube of bamboo, ivory, or horn attached to the scrotum of a deer, goat, or ox.[77]

In Persia, Avicenna (980–1037 A. D.) is credited with the introduction of the "clyster-pocketbook" or collapsible portion of an enema outfit made from ox peel or silk cloth and emptied by squeezing with the hands.[78]

Europe [edit]

Hippocrates (460–370 BCE) ofttimes mentions enemas, east.grand., "if the previous nutrient which the patient has recently eaten should not accept gone downward, give an enema if the patient be potent and in the prime of life, but if he be weak, a suppository should be administered, should the bowels be not well moved on their own accord."[fourscore]

In the first century BCE the Greek medico Asclepiades of Bithynia wrote "Handling consists merely of 3 elements: drink, food, and the enema".[81] Also, he contended that indigestion is caused by particles of food that are too big and his prescribed treatment was proper amounts of food and vino followed past an enema which would remove the improper nutrient doing the damage.[82]

In the second century CE the Greek dr. Soranus prescribed, amidst other techniques, enemas as a safe ballgame method,[83] and the Greek philosopher Celsus recommended an enema of pearl barley in milk or rose oil with butter every bit a nutrient for those suffering from dysentery and unable to swallow,[84] and also Galen mentions enemas in several contexts.[55]

In medieval times appear the first illustrations of enema equipment in the Western world, a clyster syringe consisting of a tube attached to a pump action seedling made of a grunter bladder.[ citation needed ] A simple piston syringe clyster was in employ from the 15th through 19th centuries. This device had its rectal nozzle connected to a syringe with a plunger rather than to a bulb.[ citation needed ]

Modern western [edit]

A normal clyster syringe (front) and the nozzle for a syringe designed for cocky-administration (rear). The latter avoided the need for a second party to attend an embarrassing process.

Beginning in the 17th century enema apparatus was chiefly designed for self-administration at dwelling house and many were French as enemas enjoyed wide usage in French republic.[84]

In 1694 François Mauriceau in his early-mod treatise, The Diseases of Women with Child, records that both midwives and human-midwives unremarkably administered clysters to labouring mothers just prior to their commitment.[85]

Clysters were administered for symptoms of constipation and, with more questionable effectiveness, stomach aches and other illnesses.[ when? ] [ citation needed ]

19th century satirical cartoon of a monkey rejecting an old style clyster for a new design, filled with marshmallow and opium

In 1753 an enema bag prepared from a pig'southward or beef'southward bladder fastened to a tube was described by Johann Jacob Woyts as an alternative to a syringe.[86]

In the 18th century Europeans began emulating the ethnic peoples of North America'due south apply of tobacco smoke enemas to resuscitate drowned people.[87] Tobacco resuscitation kits consisting of a pair of bellows and a tube were provided by the Regal Humane Society of London and placed at diverse points along the Thames.[84] Furthermore, these enemas came to exist employed for headaches, respiratory failure, colds, hernias, intestinal cramps, typhoid fever, and cholera outbreaks.[87]

Clysters were a favourite medical treatment in the bourgeoisie and nobility of the Western world up to the 19th century. As medical knowledge was adequately limited at the fourth dimension, purgative clysters were used for a wide variety of ailments, the foremost of which were tum aches and constipation.[ix]

According to the duc de Saint-Simon, clysters were so popular at the courtroom of King Louis XIV of France that the duchess of Burgundy had her retainer give her a clyster in forepart of the Male monarch (her modesty being preserved by an adequate posture) earlier going to the comedy. Yet, he also mentions the astonishment of the King and Mme de Maintenon that she should take it before them.[88]

In the 19th century many new types of enema administration equipment were devised. Devices allowing gravity to infuse the solution, like those mentioned higher up used past Southward American indigenous people and similar the enema pocketbook described past Johann Jacob Woyts, came into common apply. These consist of a nozzle at the stop of a hose which connects a reservoir, either a bucket or a safe bag, which is filled with liquid and held or hung higher up the recipient.[84]

In the early 20th century the dispensable microenema, a clasp canteen, was invented by Charles Browne Fleet.[89]

Society and civilisation [edit]

Alternative medicine [edit]

Relatively benign [edit]

Colonic irrigation [edit]

The term "colonic irrigation" is commonly used in gastroenterology to refer to the practise of introducing water through a colostomy or a surgically synthetic conduit as a treatment for constipation.[90] The Food and Drug Administration has ruled that colonic irrigation equipment is non canonical for sale for the purpose of general well-being[91] and has taken action confronting many distributors of this equipment, including a Alert Letter.[92]

Colon cleansing [edit]

The same term is also used in culling medicine where information technology may involve the use of substances mixed with h2o in order to detoxify the torso. Practitioners believe the accumulation of fecal matter in the large intestine leads to ill health.[93] This resurrects the old medical concept of autointoxication which was orthodox doctrine up to the end of the 19th century merely which has now been discredited.[94] [95] [96]

Kellogg's enemas [edit]

In the late 19th century Dr. John Harvey Kellogg made sure that the bowel of each and every patient was plied with water, from above and below. His favorite device was an enema automobile ("just like ane I saw in Germany") that could run xv gallons of water through a person'south bowel in a thing of seconds. Every water enema was followed by a pint of yogurt—half was eaten, the other half was administered past enema "thus planting the protective germs where they are most needed and may render most effective service." The yogurt served to supervene upon "the intestinal flora" of the bowel, creating what Kellogg claimed was a completely clean intestine.[97]

Dangerous [edit]

Bleach enemas [edit]

Chlorine dioxide enemas have been fraudulently marketed equally a medical treatment, primarily for autism. This has resulted, for example, in a 6-yr-former male child needing to have his colon removed and a colostomy bag fitted,[98] [99] complaints to the FDA reporting life-threatening reactions,[100] and even expiry.[101]

Proponents falsely claim that administering autistic children these enemas results in the expulsion of parasitic worms ("rope worms"), which actually are fragments of damaged intestinal epithelium that are misinterpreted as being human pathogens.[102] [103] Oral and rectal apply of the solution has likewise been promoted as a cure for HIV, malaria, viral hepatitis, influenza, common colds, acne, cancer, Parkinson's, and much more.

Chlorine dioxide is a potent and toxic bleach[104] that is relabeled for "medicinal purposes" to a diversity of brand names including, but not limited, to MMS, Miracle Mineral Supplement, and CD protocol.[105] For oral employ, the doses recommended on the labeling can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and potentially life-threatening dehydration.[106]

No clinical trials take been performed to examination the health claims made for chlorine dioxide, which originate from erstwhile Scientologist Jim Apprehensive[107] in his 2006 cocky-published book, The Miracle Mineral Solution of the 21st Century [108] and from anecdotal reports. The name MMS was coined by Apprehensive. Sellers sometimes draw MMS equally a water purifier and so as to circumvent medical regulations.[109] The International Federation of Red Cantankerous and Red Crescent Societies rejected "in the strongest terms" reports by promoters of MMS that they had used the product to fight malaria.[110]

Coffee enemas [edit]

Well documented as having no proven benefits and considered by medical authorities as rash and potentially unsafe is an enema of coffee.[94] [111]

A coffee enema can cause numerous maladies including infections, sepsis (including campylobacter sepsis), severe electrolyte imbalance, colitis, polymicrobial enteric sepsis, proctocolitis, salmonella, brain abscess, and centre failure,[112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118] [119] [120] and deaths related to coffee enemas take been documented.[121]

Gerson therapy includes administering enemas of coffee,[122] likewise as of castor oil and sometimes of hydrogen peroxide or of ozone.[123]

Some proponents of alternative medicine have claimed that java enemas accept an anti-cancer upshot by "detoxifying" metabolic products of tumors[112] but in that location is no medical scientific evidence to back up this.[111] [113] [124]

Recreational usage [edit]

This nozzle (shown here in harness) tin be inflated to a diameter wider than a rectum to force belongings in an enema that could not otherwise exist retained. Used either for pleasure or as part of BDSM activities.

Pleasure [edit]

Enjoyment of enemas is known as klismaphilia, which medically is classified as a paraphilia.[125] [126] A person with klismaphilia is a klismaphile.

Both women and men may savour sexual enema play, heterosexually and homosexually, experiencing sexual arousal from enemas which they discover gratifying or sensual[127] [128] and which can exist an auxiliary to, or fifty-fifty a substitute for, genital sex activity.[127] [128]

Klismaphiles may perceive pleasure from a big, h2o distended belly or the feeling of internal pressure. An enema fetish may include the sexual attraction to the equipment, processes, environments, situations, or scenarios,[129] Klismaphiles can gain satisfaction of enemas through fantasies, by really receiving or giving one, or through the process of eliminating steps to being administered one (east.grand., under the pretence of being constipated).[128]

That some women utilize enemas while masturbating was documented past Alfred Kinsey in "Sexual Beliefs in the Human being Female." He stated, "There even so [are] other masturbatory techniques which were regularly or occasionally employed by some xi percent of the females in the sample ... enemas, and other anal insertions, ... were employed."[130]

[edit]

Besides klismaphilia, the intrinsic enjoyment of enemas, there are other uses of enemas in sexual play.[131]

BDSM [edit]

A filled 5 litre enema handbag connected to a bored dildo, ready to inject into a recipient on the ground beneath.

Enemas are sometimes used in sadomasochistic activities[132] [133] for erotic humiliation[134] or for physical discomfort.[135]

Rectal douching [edit]

Some other sexual utilize for enemas is to empty the rectum every bit a prelude to other anal sexual activities such every bit anal sex, anilingus, and pegging,[136] possibly reducing risk of infection.

This is dissimilar from klismaphilia, in which the enema is enjoyed for itself and as a part of sexual arousal and gratification.[136]

Rectal douching is a common exercise among people who take a receptive function in anal sex[137] although rectal douching earlier anal sex may increase the risk of transferring HIV,[138] hepatitis B,[139] and other diseases.[140]

Intoxication [edit]

Noting that deaths have been reported from alcohol poisoning via enemas,[141] an alcohol enema can exist used to very quickly instill alcohol into the bloodstream, absorbed through the membranes of the colon. However, smashing care must be taken equally to the amount of alcohol used. Only a small corporeality is needed as the intestine absorbs the alcohol far more than quickly than the breadbasket.

Preceding an enema for assistants of drugs or alcohol, a cleansing enema may outset exist used for cleaning the colon to assist increase the rate of absorption.[142]

Religious rituals [edit]

All across Mesoamerica ritual enemas were employed to eat psychoactive substances, e.g., balché, alcohol, tobacco, peyote, and other hallucinogenic drugs and entheogens, virtually notably past the Maya, thus attaining more intense trance states more than speedily, and Mayan archetype-period sculpture and ceramics depict hallucinogenic enemas used in rituals.[70] Some tribes continue the practice in the nowadays 24-hour interval.[143]

With historical roots in the Indian subcontinent, enemas in Ayurveda, chosen Basti or Vasti, class part of Panchakarma procedure in which herbal medicines are introduced rectally.[144]

Punitive usage [edit]

Enemas have also been forcibly applied as a ways of punishment.

In the vastly influential Argentine text Facundo, or Civilization and Barbarism, for example, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento describes the use of pepper and turpentine enemas by law forces as a fashion of discouraging political dissent in post-independence Argentine republic.[145] Turpentine enemas are very harsh purgatives.[146]

In the Guantanamo Bay Detention Military camp, the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture documented instances of enemas being used by the Fundamental Intelligence Agency in order to ensure "full control" over detainees.[147] Enemas, officials said, are uncomfortable and degrading,[148] The CIA forced nutrient enema on detainees who attempted hunger strikes, documenting "With caput lower than trunk … sloshing up the big intestines … [what] I infer is that you become a tube upwards as you lot can … We used the largest Ewal [sic] tube nosotros had" wrote an officer,[149] and "violent enemas" is how a detainee described what he received.[150]

In arts and literature [edit]

Written literature [edit]

In the Dionysus' satyr play Limos, Silenus attempts to requite an enema to Heracles.[151]

In Shakespeare'south play Othello (Act Two, Scene I) Iago says, "Yet again your fingers to your lips? would they were clyster-pipes for your sake!"[152]

In the 17th century, satirists made physicians a favorite target, resembling Molière'southward extravaganza whose prescription for anything was "clyster, bleed, purge," or "purge, bleed, clyster".[153]

In Molière'southward play The Imaginary Invalid, Argan, a severe hypochondriac, is addicted to enemas equally obviated past, e.g., when Bĕralde asks "Can't yous be one moment without a purge?"[154]

More generally, clysters were a theme in the burlesque comedies of n the 17th century.[ citation needed ]

In George Orwell'southward novel Nineteen Eighty-4, the narrator notes, "Sexual intercourse was to exist looked on every bit a slightly icky minor functioning, similar having an enema."[155]

In Grace Metalious's novel Peyton Identify, the town doctor tells of "a young boy with the worst case of aridity I e'er saw. It came from getting likewise many enemas that he didn't need. Sex, with a capital Southward-E-X.".[156] As a teenager, the boy enjoys receiving enemas from his female parent.[157]

In Flora Rheta Schreiber's volume Sybil, Sybil's psychiatrist asks her "What's Mama been doing to you, dear?...I know she gave you lot the enemas."[158]

In Anne Roiphe's novel Torch Song, Marjorie, non knowing how to otherwise address her dysphonia, reminisces on unhappy memories, one of which is her German nurse inflicting on her painful enemas.[159]

In Anne Sexton's poem "Cripples And Other Stories", is the couplet "Oh the enemas of childhood, reeking of outhouses and shame!"[160]

In The Milk Fic, Brendon Urie of Panic! At The Disco gives former bandmate Ryan Ross a milk enema.[ citation needed ]

Film [edit]

In The Right Stuff, during flight grooming astronaut Alan Shepard retains a barium enema,[161] given ii floors away from a toilet, embarrassedly riding a public elevator wearing a hospital gown and holding the enema bag with its tip still inserted in him.[162] [163]

H2o Power is a flick loosely based on the real-life exploits of Michael H. Kenyon, an American criminal who pleaded guilty to a decade-long series of armed robberies of female victims, some of which involved sexual assaults in which he would give them enemas.[164]

In Sybil, Sybil's psychiatrist, while having taken her for a picnic in the state, heard her re-experience, amidst other things, her mother having leap her with a broom handle on the kitchen table and suspended her by her feet from the hanging calorie-free, in training for forcing her to accept an enema.[165]

Song [edit]

The lyrics of Frank Zappa's song The Illinois Enema Brigand are concerned with Michael H. Kenyon'southward sexual assaults which included administering involuntary enemas.[166]

Monument [edit]

A 365-kilogram (805-pound) brass statue of a syringe enema seedling held aloft past three cherubs stands in front of the "Mashuk" spa in the settlement of Zheleznovodsk in Russia. Inspired by the 15th century Renaissance painter Botticelli, information technology was created by a local creative person who commented that "An enema is an unpleasant procedure equally many of u.s.a. may know. But when cherubs practice it, it's all right." When unveiled on 19 June 2008, posted on one of the spa'south wall was a banner declaring "Let's beat constipation and sloppiness with enemas." The spa lying in the Caucasus Mountains region, known for dozens of spas that routinely treat digestive and other complaints with enemas of mineral spring water, the managing director commented "An enema is almost a symbol of our region."[167] [168] Information technology is the only known monument to the enema.[169]

Run across too [edit]

  • Booze enema
  • Bowel direction
  • Java enema
  • Colon cleansing
  • Dry enema
  • Fecal microbiota transplant
  • Klismaphilia
  • Spud baste
  • Nutrient enema
  • Rectal douching
  • Tobacco fume enema
  • Transanal irrigation

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Notes

  • Agnew, Jeremy (October 1982). "Klismaphilia—A Physiological Perspective". American Journal of Psychotherapy. 36 (4): 554–566. doi:x.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1982.36.iv.554. PMID 7158678.
  • Agnew, Jeremy (January 2000). "Klismaphilia". Venereology. doi:ten.3316/informit.558902640693864 (inactive 31 October 2021). {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2021 (link)
  • Brame, Gloria; Brame, William D.; Jacobs, Jon (1993). Different loving – The World of Sexual Dominance and Submission. Villard Books. ISBN978-0-6797-6956-9.
  • Cullingworth, Charles James (1883). A Manual of Nursing, Medical and Surgical. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press (published 2009). ISBN978-one-4590-1939-3.
  • Friedenwald, Julius; Morrison, Samuel (Jan 1940). "The History of the Enema with Some Notes on Related Procedures (Part I)". Message of the History of Medicine. Johns Hopkins University Press. 8 (1): 68–114. JSTOR 44442727.
  • Friedenwald, Julius; Morrison, Samuel (February 1940). "The History of the Enema with Some Notes on Related Procedures (Office Ii)". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. Johns Hopkins University Press. 8 (2): 239–276. JSTOR 44442727.
  • Magner, Lois (1992). A History of Medicine. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN978-0-8247-8673-ane.
  • Parsons, Lee Allen; Carlson, John B. (1988). The Confront of Ancient America: The Wally and Brenda Zollman Collection of Precolumbian Art. Indianapolis, Indiana, United States: Indianapolis Museum of Art. ISBN978-0-936260-24-2.
  • Scarborough, John (1975). "The Drug Lore of ASCLEPIADES of Bithynia". Pharmacy in History. 17 (2): 43–57. JSTOR 41108902. PMID 11609880.

External links [edit]

"A professional nursing instructional video demonstrating administering a cleansing enema". Taber'south Medical Dictionary. K. A. Davis Visitor. Retrieved 17 July 2014.

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